In this chapter we analyze the political actions of indigenous peoples in Guatemala in the first decade and a half of the XXI century, in a context marked by the wave of neoliberal accumulation associated with extractive industries and the political agreements that underpin them. We identify a series of processes that move between two poles: (1) the rearticulation of communities as spaces of self-governing politics, and; (2) disputes over the legality of the state from opposing logics and legitimacy. The alternative use of law and the construction of indigenous law are central aspects of indigenous peoples’ political subjectivities.