This edited volume critically analyzes multicultural neoliberal policies in the field of justice with relation to indigenous peoples in Mexico and Guatemala over the last decade. Different case studies theorize the new state configurations that articulate multicultural justice policies with current policies of national security and criminal justice reform, considering the challenges and dangers these configurations represent for indigenous peoples. From diverse ethnographic contexts, the authors document the imaginaries and understandings that are disputed within indigenous justice and tensions with state jurisdiction, illustrating the extent and limits of indigenous autonomies in the margins of the state. The authors reveal the realities of law in practice, emphasizing the perspective of indigenous actors and the ways they resignify the spaces of law and rights.